ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS

The zoological collections contains descriptions of the fauna's taxonomic classification. Along with extensive cultural and educational work on zoology, as well as the popularization and propagation of environmental protection ideas among a broad segment of the population, educational programs for secondary and higher education institution students are implemented. The BSED Science Virtual Museum of Natural History’s Zoological Collections showcases animal collections that have been dried or preserved in fluids for scientific, cultural, and educational purposes.

OVEREXPLOITATION AND AGRICULTURE ARE THE BIGGEST THREATS TO WILDLIFE

Overexploitation is the biggest threat. Nearly three-quarters (72%) of the studied species – that’s 6,241 of them – were under pressure from hunting, fishing or logging of forests. Agriculture – which includes arable farming, livestock, timber plantations and aquaculture – was also a massive threat. Nearly two-thirds (62%) of species were affected.

Threats to Wildlife. (2013). Our World in Data. ‌

LA THREENIDAD BENGUET

Class: Amphibia

Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: AmphibiaOrder:  AnuraFamily: BufonidaeGenus: BufoSpecies: Bufo bufo (L.)
Curator: Sherwin R. Sinajonon, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0077

B. bufo, commonly known as a common toad, are toads characterized by copper-colored eyes with a horizontal pupil (Kuzmin and Cavagnaro, 2021). Its color varied from brown to green with dark spots or markings. Its skin is typically warty and dry with rounded tubercles on its dorsal surface. They are commonly found in woodland, grassland, and gardens in the adult stage. These species of amphibians commonly feed on invertebrates and smaller amphibians. During breeding season, it undergoes background coloration changes.

Pulchrana similis (Gunther, 1873) 

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: AmphibiaOrder:  Anura Family: Ranidae Genus: Pulchrana Species: Pulchrana similis
Curator: Sherwin R. Sinajonon, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0073

Pulchrana similis (synonym name: Hylarana similis), commonly known as Laguna de Bay Frog or Palakang Langit in Filipino, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native and endemic to Luzon and surrounding smaller islands in the Philippines (International Union for Conservation of Nature, 2018). Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss. They are economically significant especially in the provinces where food commodity is of great value to local populace. Adult amphibians eat pest insects, including those pests that damage crops or spread disease. They usually are the top predators in freshwater systems in the absence of fish and serve as food source to predators such as snakes, fish etc.

Rana temporaria (Linnaeus, 1758)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: AmphibiaOrder:  Anura Family: Ranidae Genus: Rana Species: Rana temporaria
Curator: Sherwin R. Sinajonon, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0074

R. temporaria, also called as common frog or brown frog, is a terrestrial and semi-aquatic amphibian that typically found in forests, true tundras, and other freshwater habitats such as shores (Ramos, 2001).  It is one of the species of the family of true frog. They are considered nocturnal carnivores.  R. temporaria is native in palearctic regionns such as Europe . An adult common frog has smooth skin with dark patches. It also has long striped hind legs and dark band around their eyes .

Class: Arachnida

Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Arachnida Order:  Araneae Family: Sparassidae Genus: Heteropoda Species: Heteropoda venatoria
Curator: Emmanuel B. Palola, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0057

The adult has a flat, brown body 2 to 2.5 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide, including the legs. The female may be slightly larger than the male, particularly in the abdomen, but the male has longer legs and larger tips on its pedipalps. The clypeus, the area just in front of the eyes, is cream or yellowish, and the carapace behind the eyes has a wide band The adult has a flat, brown body 2 to 2.5 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide, including the legs. The female may be slightly larger than the male, particularly in the abdomen, but the male has longer legs and larger tips on its pedipalps. The clypeus, the area just in front of the eyes, is cream or yellowish, and the carapace behind the eyes has a wide band (Edwards, 2009)

Neoscona nautica (Koch 1875)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass: ArachnidaOrder:  AraneaeFamily: AraneidaeGenus: NeosconaSpecies: Neoscona nautica
Curator: Gabriel R. Fetalvero, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0080

Neoscona nautica, commonly known as brown sailor spider, has an elongated cephalothorax, greyish in color and broad posteriorly. Chelicera is blackish with small fangs. Its abdomen is almost spherical to heart-shaped and greyish black. A pair of white spots in its anterior dorsum. Longitudinal median grey line with transverse projections is seen on the dorsal surface of the abdomen. Legs long, blackish, alternate white mark following patella. Neoscona nautica is best known for spider fighting, Paaway kaka or Sabong sa Dama (Cebuano), in the Philippines it is a popular game where spiders (often, Neoscona) are laid from opposing ends of a single bamboo or broomstick (Barrion, 2001). 

Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass: Arachnida Order:  Araneae Family: Agelenidae Genus: Tegenaria Species: Tegenaria domestica
Curator: Princess Charmaine C. Belaro, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0062

T. domestica, commonly known as barn funnel weaver , is a species of spiders that have large dorsal tibial apophysis with yellow-brown prosoma. Its prosoma has broad dark margins and dark lines (Netwig et al., 2014). The sternum of T. domestica are brown while its legs are yellowish with brown spots. It typically ranges from 6 mm to 11 mm. The T. domestica is globally distributed around the wrold such as in Europe, Asia, and has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand. It is commonly found in stones and buildings.

Class: Cephalopoda

Octopus vulgaris (Lamarck, 1798)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Order:  Octopoda Family: OctopodidaeGenus: Octopus Species: Octopus vulgaris 
Curator: Jhonathan G. Ampo, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0061

The best known octopus is the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, a medium-sized animal that is widely distributed in tropical and temperate seas throughout the world. It lives in holes or crevices along the rocky bottom and is secretive and retiring by nature. It feeds mainly on crabs and other crustaceans. This species is thought to be the most intelligent of all invertebrate animals. It inhabits rocky, sandy, and muddy bottoms of the coastline to the edge of the continental shelf. The average size of reach about 1-3 feet in length including its arms. The skin is smooth and has a chunky appearance. The common octopus would be unique for its appearance alone, with its massive bulbous head, lack of internal shells, large eyes, and eight distinctive arms that are lined with suckers.

Class: Chilopoda

Scolopendra polymorpha (Wood, 1861)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Chilopoda Order: Scolopendramorpha Family: ScolopendridaeGenus: ScolopendraSpecies: Scolopendra polymorpha
Curator: Sherwin R. Sinajonon, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0074

S. polymorpha, commonly known as tiger centipede is endemic to the plains of eastern Colorado and can be found at lower elevations on the West Slope. Within the state, it is most typically found in the Arkansas Valley's southeastern counties. The adult length is around 18-19 cm, and it is generally known as Tiger centipedes because of the black stripes on its tergites. Its color is normally light brown to brick, although it can range even farther (Cooper et al., 2014). The head is dark-bluish in color and finely punctuated with two faint sulci or grooves with two yellow Antennae with 20 articles and four ocelli on each side. 

Class: Diplopoda

Anadenobolus monilicornis (Porat, 1876)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass: DiplopodaOrder:  SpirobolidaFamily: RhinocricidaeGenus: AnadenobolusSpecies: Anadenobolus monilicornis
Curator: Justin Lou C. Turdil, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0082

A. monilicornis, commonly known as yellow-banded millipede or bumble bee millipede is a species of millipede that is elongated and cylindrical in shape (Gabbel, 2006). It has many body segments and legs that are in pair. These millipede are myriapods and usually lay their eggs in soil and other moist organic matter. They originated from Carribean and have been introduced in the Philippines. Millipede feed on decaying organic matter which is why they are mostly found in mulch.

Class: Insecta

Anomala sp. (Samouelle, 1898)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: InsectaOrder:  ColeopteraFamily: Scarabideae Genus: AnomalaSpecies: Anomala sp.
Curator: Aira Marie B. Cometa, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0070

Anomala sp., commonly known as Jewel Beetles, Green Scarab Beetle, or Salaginto, is a beetle species known for its iridescent green metallic elytra and metallic-colored legs that is widely introduced in the Philippines and other regions of the world (Baga-Reyes, 2011). It can grow up to 2 cm in length and usually feed on the roots of grasses.  The Anomala sp. is typically found in a backyard garden in rice fields and bamboo. Its elytra or exoskeleton is actually made up of chitin layers that are the main component of the shells of other insects and crustaceans. In the Philippines, it is called "salaginto" because of its shiny exoskeleton, and it is extensively used as a form of entertainment in the form of betting on fights. 

Apis dorsata brevilingua (Maa, 1953)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: InsectaOrder:  Hymenoptera Family: Apidae Genus: ApisSpecies: Apis dorsata brevilingua
Curator: Aira Marie B. Cometa, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0067

Apis dorsata brevilingua, commonly known as the giant honeybee or putyukan/pukyutan in Filipino, is an eusocial insect that is commonly found in dense forest or urban areas which is widely spread throughout southern countries of Asia including Philippines (Mortensen et al., 2015; Jack et al., 2015). Its colony typically has one queen and many drones or the male honeybees. The A. dorsata drones can be up to 3 cm in length with large eyes, short round abdomens and has no stinger (Myers et al., 2021). Whereas the A. dorsata queen, who is the sole reproductive bee in the colony, tends to have larger abdomen and darker in color compared to other drones and worker bees due to its developed reproductive organs. The A. dorsata usually builds a nest comb up to 150 cm in length and 70 cm in height hanged in tree branches. In comparison to other subspecies of Apis dorsata, the A. dorsata brevilingua has white abdominal stripes and is only found in the Philippines. It is also considered as one of the most dangerous animals in southeastern Asian jungles and has the most threatening defensive behaviors compared to African honey bee (Ellis and Ellis, 2009). They have a stinger that is 3 mm long and is attached to large venom glands. 

Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda Class: InsectaOrder:  BlattodeaFamily: BlattideaGenus: BlattellaSpecies: Blattella germanica
Curator: Justin Lou C. Turdil, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0083

B. germanica, commonly known as German cockroach, is a small species of cockroach that is dark brown to black in color (Antani and Burgeson, 2011). An adult B. germanica typically reaches an average of 13 cm. Generally, they are monomorphic with spiny legs and a flattened oval shape. It is one of the ectothermic organisms that commonly cause allergies. This species of genus Blattella is one of the most widespread species and is considered as urban pest.  It commonly lives in temperate and tropical regions as they prefer a warm humid environment. 

Gryllotalpa orientalis (Burmeister, 1838)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder:  OrthopteraFamily: GryllotalpidaeGenus: GryllotalpaSpecies: Gryllotalpa orientalis
Curator: Gabriel R. Fetalvero, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0078

Gryllotalpa orientalis, commonly known as oriental mole cricket is a polyphagous pest that can be found in Asia and Australia. It has a body length of 25-33 mm, filiform antenna, wings that can reach the abdomen, and forelegs that are used for digging. It creates underground cavities that affect irrigations and it is its feeding side, feeding on crops. 

Jadera haemotoloma (Haerrich-Schaeffer, 1847)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass: Insecta Order:  HemipteraFamily: Rhopalidae Genus: JaderaSpecies: Jadera haematoloma
Curator: Aira Marie B. Cometa, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0067

The Jadera haematoloma, commonly known as soapberry bug or red-shouldered bug, is a medium-sized bug characterized with uniformly black dorsum, red strip eye and a bright red pronotum and shoulders on an adult Jadera bug (Tsai, Hsieh and Redei, 2013). Its normals wings range from 9.5 to 13.5 mm in length and 3 to 4 mm in width (Mead, 2000). This species is widely distributed in tropical areas such as South Central USA and Mexico. It can typically be found in city parks, yards, gardens, and other leaf litter areas. It feeds on the seed on the ground especially by trees such as goldenrain trees, Koelreuteria spp., (Sapindaceae).

Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda Class: InsectaOrder:  LepidopteraFamily: PapilionidaeGenus: PapilioSpecies: Papilio demoleus (L.)
Curator: Aira Marie B. Cometa, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0071

Papilio demoleus, commonly known as lime swallowtail or chequered citrus swallowtail, is a butterfly commonly found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of Asia countries such as the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and China. The picture above, however, shows the matured larva or caterpillar stage of the P. demoleus. It has a smooth velvet green dorsal surface and a greyish-white ventral surface. It is characterized by a transverse white and brown bar and has a curved black line on its green area. At this stage, the P. demoleus exposes its osmeterium that is yellow in color located at the base to orange at the tips. This osmeterium is used by larvae of P. demoleus to detect predators. It becomes everted and then it releases smelly compounds to deter predators. 

Platypleura sp. C. (Amyot and Audinet-Serville, 1843)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order:  CicacidalesFamily: Cicadudae Genus: PlatypleuraSpecies: Platypleura sp. C.
Curator: Aira Marie B. Cometa, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0066

Platypleura sp. C., commonly known as cicada or kuliglig in the Philippines, is a polyphyletic cicada that is widely distributed in Asia and South African countries such as Madagascar and India (Price et al., 2019). These platypleurine cicadas are known for their remarkable acoustic sounds or the loud cricket-sound songs  that is used in mate attraction. They typically found in areas with temperate to tropical climates. Platypleura sp. C. are known for their orange opaque hindwings and sub-distal black bands.

Periplaneta australasiea (Linnaeus, 1767)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder:  BlattodeaFamily: BlattidaeGenus: PeriplanetaSpecies: Periplaneta australasiae
Curator: Justin Lou C. Turdil, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0081

P. australasiae commonly known as Australian cockroach, is one of the peridomestic cockroaches that can usually be found indoors, under the bark of trees, firewood piles, cupboards, sinks, toilets, and other areas that are moist (Jiang and Kaufman, 2015). An adult P. australasiae is about 32-35 mm long and are reddish-brown in color. Its wings have light yellow band apparent on them. This species is prevalent in Florida, United States, and is originated in Africa. 

Phyllophaga tarsalis (Schaeffer, 1908)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder:  ColeopteraFamily: ScarabidaeaGenus: PhyllophagaSpecies: Phyllophaga tarsalis
Curator: Princess Charmaine C. Belaro, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0063

Adults P. tarsalis (May beetles) are about 12 to 25 mm long. Most adults are yellow to dark reddish-brown to black, robust, oblong, glossy beetles. Some, such as the green June beetle, are more brightly colored. The common life cycle of the more destructive and abundant of these beetles extends over three years. In its entire lifecycle, it is a polyphagous pest that feeds on the root as larvae as it burrows and ascends to feed until it is sexually mature to repeat the cycle.  

Pycnosclesus indicus (Fabricius, 1775)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder:  BlattodaeFamily: BlaberidaeGenus: PycnosclesusSpecies: Pycnosclesus indicus
Curator: Gabriel R. Fetalvero, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0079

Pynocsclesus indicus, commonly known as greenhouse cockroach is a nocturnal pest endemic to the Indomalayan realm. It is peridomestic, that is, being found where humans are present (Grandcolas, 1996). Through parthenogenesis, it has reproduced and evolved to clonal strains of Pycnosclesus surinamensis (Gade & Parket, 1997). Adults are typically 18-25 mm in size, having brown to black bodies with shiny pale brown wings, with rough and dark abdominal segments.

Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder:  LepidopteraFamily: ErebidaeGenus: UtetheisaSpecies: Utetheisa ornatrix (L.)
Curator: Aira Marie B. Cometa, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0066

U. ornatrix, also commonly known as ornate bella moth or rattlebox moths, is a diurnal moth that usually flies only when disturbed (Hall, 2005). It is known for its highly variable coloration. The adult ornate bella moth has a wingspan that ranges between 3 to 4.5 cm. It has two color forms, one is the bright orange wings with white bands while the other one is mostly white. The first form has front wings characterized with an orange color that has white bands containing black dots that cover the head and the thorax. It has irregular black bands on its bright pink hindwings. The U. ornatrix is widely distributed in North and South America and is introduced in the Philippines. The study reveals that U. ornatrix has been changing its ecology as it adapts in feeding invasive exotic plant species (Livingstone, 2015).

Tholymis tillarga (Fabricius, 1798)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ArthropodaClass:  Insecta Order:  Odonata Family: Libellulidae Genus: Tholymis Species: Tholymis tillarga
Curator: Jamie A. Alvarez, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPC-0105

Tholymis tillarga is commonly known as Twister, is a is a species of dragonfly found from tropical West Africa to the Pacific Islands. The coral-tailed cloudwing dragonfly as it is also called, among other vernacular names, is medium sized and is very recognizable with red eyes and hind wings with, in the base near the abdomen, a golden-brown patch, bordered by a cloudy-white to blue patch. (Mey, 2019)

Class: Malacostraca

Fenneropenaeus indicus  (Edwards, 1837)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Malacostraca Order:  Decapoda Family: Penaeidae Genus: Fenneropenaeus Species: Fenneropenaeus indicus  
Curator: Jhonathan G. Ampo, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPC-0108

Fenneropenaeus indicus is a marine shrimp (with estuarine juveniles) which likes mud or sandy mud habitats at depths of 2-90 metres (6-300 feet). It is one of the major wild caught commercial species of the world.  Throughout South-East Asia, F. indicus is one of the major species in the region's commercial fishery. It is the most important species caught off the east coast of Africa and is probably the most important commercial species in India, especially in the inshore fishery and in the rice field farming. The maximum body length of an F. indicus is around 23 cm (females) and 18.4 cm (males), usually less than 17cm. Its body is semi-translucent, somewhat yellowish white (small specimens) or greyish green and covered with numerous minute dark brown dots; eyes light brown and covered with some dark brown mesh-like stripes.

Class: Neogastropoda

Anentome helena (von dem Busche, 1847)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca Class: GastropodaOrder:  Neograstropoda Family: NassariidaeGenus: AnentomeSpecies: Anentome helena
Curator: Aira Marie B. Cometa, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCPC-0105

Anentome helena commonly known as assassin snail, is a tropical freshwater snail species with a brown operculum and a tightly elongated yellow coiled shell with brown spiral bands (Ng et al., 2016). It is a predatory carnivorous snail that feeds on decaying protein and live prey including other snail species as its common name suggests. C. helena has a maximum length of 30 mm and has a protruded siphonal notch (Chomchoei et al., 2018). This species is widely distributed throughout South-East Asia including Indonesia, Cambodia, and Philippines, and other countries with tropical rainforest and tropical monsoon climates. It mostly appears in soft, muddy bottoms and is cultivated in aquariums.  The A. helena species appears the only species in the Anentome genus that can be found in both lotic and lentic habitats in the Indo-Burmese area (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2011).  

Class: Teleostei

Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: TeleosteiOrder:  CypriniformesFamily: Cyprinidae Genus: Cyprinus Species: Cyprinus carpio
Curator: Jamie A. Alvarez, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0054

Cyprinus carpio is commonly known as Yamabuki Ogon Koi, common carp, or European carp, is a kind of fish. The species generally inhabits lakes, ponds, and the lower sections of rivers and usually with moderately flowing or standing water. (Nico et. al., 2021) It scales large and thick. `Wild carp ' is generally distinguished by its less stocky build with height of body 1:3.2-4.8 in standard length. Very variable in form, proportions, squamation, development of fins, and color. Caudal fin with 3 spines and 17-19 rays.

Gazza achlamys (Jordan & Starks, 1917)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: Teleostei Order:  Perciformes Family: Leiognathidae Genus: Gazza Species: Gazza achlamys
Curator: Jhonathan G. Ampo, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0058

Gazza achlamys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, which are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. G. achlamys is a small to medium-sized fishes (rarely exceeding 16 cm); body oblong or rounded, moderately to markedly compressed laterally. Eyes moderate to large, preceded by a short, snub-nosed snout.  The mouth is protruded,  and when it is extended it forms a tube like structure that is directed either upwards This species has a silvery characteristic markings on the upper half of sides. 

Leipotherapon plumbeus (Kner, 1864)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: Teleostei Order:  Perciformes Family: Terapontidae Genus: Leiopotherapon Species: Leiopotherapon plumbeus 
Curator: Jhonathan G. Ampo, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0059

Leiopotherapon plumbeus, known commonly as the silver perch, is a species of fish in the family Terapontidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is called ayungin, bugaong, bigaong, and bagaong. L. plumbeus are associated with freshwater habitat. Individuals can grow to 15.9 cm. They are in oval shaped with a small head that can become beak-like in larger fish. Their color can be grey, greenish, gold or silvery, darker on the back and paler on the sides, with a white belly. 

Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1859)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order:  CyprinodontiformesFamily: PoecilidaeGenus: Poecilia Species: Poecilia reticulata
Curator: Princess Charmaine C. Belaro, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0064

P. reticulata commonly known as guppy, is a small freshwater fish that has polymorphic color patterns consisting of black, red-orange, yellow, green and white color combination (Nico et al., 2013). It has iridescent spots and lines. A male guppy is typically 2.5 cm in size while the female is 6 cm. This species is native in South America and has been found in Cuba and Grenada.  In Philippines, it has been introduced as a biological control. Guppies are commonly found in wide range of habitats such as in slow-moving water bodies or in mountain streams. 

Puntigrus tetrazona (Bleeker, 1855)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: TeleosteiOrder:  CypriniformesFamily: Cyprinidae Genus: Puntigrus Species: Puntigrus tetrazona
Curator: Aira Marie B. Cometa, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0065

P. tetrazona, commonly known as Sumatra barb or tiger barb, is a benthopelagic ray-finned fish that has a maximum length of 7.0 cm. It is reportedly native throughout Sumatra Indonesia and Borneo. According to the study of Froese and Pauly (2019), the P. tetrazona is reported to be established in the Philippines particularly in Lapad River in Laguna. It is commonly breed in aquarium fishes. The P. tetrazona feeds on worms, small crustaceans, and plant matter. It is known for its unique color pattern comprising of 4 black bars on a pale body and black pigmentation (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2011).

Siganus furscescens (Houttuyn, 1782)

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata Class: TeleosteiOrder:  Perciformes Family: Siganidae Genus: Siganus Species: Siganus furscescens
Curator: Emmanuel B. Palola, (2021)Collection Code: BSEDSCAP-0056

A greenish-grey to brown rabbitfish fading to silvery below, with numerous small pale bluish spots, a narrow brown bar along the upper edge of the gill cover, and often a dark patch below the origin of the lateral line. Adults are often mottled at night and when threatened. Inhabits algal and seagrass flats and shallow lagoon and coastal reefs. Forms schools. Mainly diurnal. Commonly found in large estuaries. Juveniles feed on filamentous algae, adults feed on leafy algae and seagrasses. Widely distributed in Western Pacific mainly southern Korea, southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands, Taiwan, southern China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Andaman Islands, Indonesia, Philippines, Yap, Palau, Pohnpei, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Australia.

References


  1. Jordan, David S. & E. C. Starks. (1917), Notes on a collection of fishes from Ceylon with descriptions of new species. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 11(3/4): 430-460., Retrieved from https://www.gbif.org/species/5211394
  2. Kner (1864), Leiopotherapon plumbeus, Retrieved from https://www.gbif.org/species/2374507
  3. Lamarck (1798), International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, Retrieved from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/71
  4.  H. Milne Edwards (1837), Fenneropenaeus indicus, GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset , Retrieved from https://www.gbif.org/species/144095777
  5. Barrion, A.L., Barrion, A., Barrion, A.T. (2001). "Diversity of Philippine derby spiders Neosconaspecies". Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines. 23: 280. 
  6. Ramos, M. 2001. "Rana temporaria" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed June 14, 2021 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Rana_temporaria/ 
  8. Grandcolas, P.; Dejean, A.; Deleporte, P. (1996). "The invading parthenogenetic cockroach: a natural history comment on Parker and Niklasson's study". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 9 (6): 1023–1026. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1996.9061023.x. 
  9. Gade, B.; Parker, E. D. (1997). "The effect of life cycle stage and genotype on desiccation tolerance in the colonizing parthenogenetic cockroach Pycnoscelus surinamensis and its sexual ancestor P. indicus". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 10 (4): 479–493. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1997.10040479.x.