FLOWER COLLECTIONS
A CUP OF DANDELION GREENS PROVIDES 7,000-13,000 INTERNATIONAL UNITS OF VITAMIN A.
Dandelions may look like weeds, but these flowers are packed with amazing nutrients! It contains vitamins A and C, calcium, potassium, and iron.
Convention on Biological Diversity.
FOURTO GALERA/PRINCESA
Division : Spermatophyta
Lantana camara L.
Lantana camara, commonly called lantanas, is a medium-sized perennial aromatic shrub, 2-5 m tall, with quadrangular stems, sometimes having prickles. The posture may be sub-erect, scrambling, or occasionally clambering (ascending into shrubs or low trees, clinging to points of contact using prickles, branches, and leaves). Frequently, multiple stems arise from ground level. The plant extracts have been used in folk medicine to treat cancers, chickenpox, measles, asthma, ulcers, swellings, eczema, tumors, high blood pressure, bilious fevers, catarrhal infections, tetanus, rheumatism, and malaria.
Plumeria rubra L.
Plumeria rubra, commonly called red frangipani, is a popular ornamental tree widely cultivated in gardens, yards, and other planned landscapes across tropical and subtropical regions. This species is easy to grow and tolerates drought and salt spray. It spreads by seed and vegetatively by cuttings. It has escaped cultivation and can be found naturalized in many tropical and subtropical countries. P. rubra reported having anti-fertility, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial activities
Helianthus annuus L.
Helianthus annuus, commonly known as sunflowers, are typically tall annual or perennial plants that may reach 300 cm (120 in) or more in certain species. They have one or more terminal capitula (flower heads) with bright yellow ray florets on the exterior and yellow or maroon (sometimes known as brown/red) disc florets on the inside (Atamian, Creux, Brown, Garner, & Blackman, 2016). Roadsides, disturbed areas, wastelands, urban open spaces, fallow land, and croplands. Establishes readily in disturbed areas, displacing plants of other species (Wiit, 2017). The study evaluated the antibacterial activity of H. annuus leaves on some bacterial pathogens (E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and S. aureus). While all test organisms were susceptible to the extract, S. aureus showed the highest susceptibility and Shigella spp. showed the least susceptibility. On DPPH assay, the extract showed concentration-dependent increase in antioxidant activity, with the chloroform extract showing greater antioxidant activity (Ramirez, 2001).
Portulaca grandiflora Hook.
Purslane is native to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Argentina, and it is planted as a garden annually worldwide. It has escaped cultivation in a few places in North America, notably New England. There are several cultivars and natural plants with double corollas (Florabeilles, 2019). It is an annual or short-lived perennial herbs, about 5-30 cm long, stem decumbent or prostrate, usually woody at the base, branched, the main root tuberous, fibrous, fleshy, rooting at nodes, trichomes present on nodes and inflorescence (Encyclopedia of Life, 2014). Numerous cultivars have been selected for double flowers with additional petals and variation in flower color, plain or variegated. It is widely grown in temperate climates as an ornamental plant for annual bedding or as a container plant. It requires ample sunlight and well-drained soils. It requires almost no attention and spreads itself very easily (Huxley, 1992). P. grandiflora is used to treat hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver with ascites, swelling and pain in the pharynx. The fresh juice of the leaves and stems is applied externally as a lotion to snake and insect bites, burns, scalds and eczema (Yeung. 1985).
Division : Tracheophyta
Eichhornia crassipes Mart.
Description:
The water hyacinth is a free floating perennial herb of fresh water ecosystems. It is found at the surface of rivers, lakes, canals and ponds. Each flower has a perianth tube 1.5 cm long, expanding into six mauve or purple lobes up to 4 cm long. The main lobe has a bright-yellow, diamond-shaped patch surrounded by deeper purple. Water Hyacinth is native to Brazil. Historical accounts say that the water hyacinth arrived in the Philippines in 1912. In Kedah (Malaysia), the flowers are used for medicating the skin of horses (Duke, 1983).
Ixora coccinea (Linn.)
Description:
Santan is an erect and smooth ornamental shrub, growing to a height of 2 to 3 meters. Leaves are stalkless or on very short stalks, oblong, 5 to 9 centimeters long, heart-shaped or rounded at the base and blunt-tipped. Cultivated for ornamental purposes. Nowhere established in the Philippines, native of India and now pantropic. Flowers contain cyanidin and flavonoids, and a coloring material related to quercitin. Flowers considered cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial. Studies have showed hepatoprotective, chemoprotective, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, analgesic, anti-mutagenic, antitumor activities.
Dianthus barbatus L.
Dianthus barbatus, commonly called sweet William, typically grows 12-24” tall and features small flowers held in dense, flat-topped terminal clusters (3-5” wide). It native to the Mediterranean, southern and central Europe. Flowers come in vivid shades of red, pink, white and bicolor, sometimes with a contrasting eye, and with fringed petals that are bearded on the inside. It is used in floral industry for its cut flowers.
Rosa sp.
Euphorbia milii Des Moul.
Euphorbia milii, otherwise called christ plant, crown of thorns, or christ thorn, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It was widely introduced as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical climates and is now cultivated and naturalized in Asia, Africa, North, Central, South America, and the Caribbean. It is a woody, succulent shrub with fleshy, bright green leaves, inconspicuous flowers in clusters that are surrounded by highly striking petal-like red or yellow bracts, and thick, sharp blackthorns that cover the water-storing branches and stems (Chohan et al., 2020). E. milii is a seasonal flowering plant that is one of the most well-known medicinal plants in the genus due to its folkloric use to treat skin infections, warts, cancer, and liver disease. It has also been reported to exhibit antifungal, antinociceptive and molluscicidal properties (Rauf et al., 2014).
Adenium obesum (Forkssk.) Roem. & Schult.
Adenium obesum, locally known as desert rose or karoo rose, is a poisonous flowering plant species in the Apocynaceae family. It is referred to as an attractive plant and is nowadays cultivated in the majority of humid countries. This species stands between two and four meters tall. Initially pale yellow, the bark gradually darkens to shades of grey and brown. The leaf is oval and spirally organized, clustering at the branchlets' ends. The flowers and fruits of the selected species are unique and are dependent on their surroundings (Hossain, 2018). Typically, the flowers are a variety of colors. A. obesum generate milky sap that contains several harmful chemical compounds that can irritate the skin (Hossain et al., 2017).
Heliconia rostrata Ruiz and Pav.
Heliconia rostrata, often known as false bird of paradise, is a herbaceous perennial with leathery, dark green leaves that grow on long petioles that emerge directly from the ground. It is found in Peru, Argentina, and Europe in the late eighteenth century. H. rostrata has stems that reach a height of three to five feet and are terminated with a drooping flower (Gilman & Meerow, 1999). The blooms are borne in beautiful clusters on second-year stalks. They are surrounded by scarlet and yellow bracts about 6 to 8 inches in length. This one-of-a-kind plant is frequently used as a specimen plant in tropical gardens. The inflorescence can be cut and used as indoor decoration for several weeks. H. rostrata is a shrub that contains calcium, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, chlorine, sulphur, sugar, carbohydrate, starch, and protein. This herb is thought to possess antiophidic properties (Moonmun, 2017).
Rosa Chinensis (Author)
Description:
Rosa chinensis a shrub that reaches 1–2 m and grows in hedges or forms thickets. The leaves are pinnate, have 3–5 leaflets, each leaflet 2.5–6 cm long and 1–3 cm broad. In the wild species, the flowers have five pink to red petals (Cuizhi & Robertson, 2003). Rosa chinensis, known commonly as the China rose or Chinese rose, alternatively known as Bengal rose or Bengal Crimson or Bengal Beauty is a member of the genus Rosa native to Southwest China in Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan Provinces (Pearson, 2017).Rosa chinensis is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Roots and fruits are used for treating arthritis, boils, cough, haemuturia and rheumatoid joint pains. The fruit is applied to sprains, ulcers and wounds (Bauer, 2004)
Chrysantenum moriforum (Author)
Description:
The Chrysantenum moriforum is 30–90 centimetres (12–35 in) high and wide, which grows as a perennial herbaceous or slightly woody plant on the ground. The stems stand upright. The leaves are broad ovate in outline and wedge-shaped in the petiole, the length of the leaves is more than 6 inches. The lower leaves are plumed, further up the stems they are increasingly entire. Deciduous leaves appear in the spring. They are alternate, lobed pinnatifid and toothed. They are up to 12 cm long, fleshy and covered with gray hairs. They exhale a strong smell when they are wrinkled (Needham, 1986). They have been around since 500 BC. In 1630, more than 500 varieties were already mentioned there. In Europe, especially in Holland, they have been known since the mid-17th century, but their general dissemination took place only in the 19th century. Chrysanthemum was first appreciated in China as a medicinal plant (Jinsheng, Kirk & Buell, 2018). This plant can be noted for its popularity as an indoor houseplant in part because of its air cleaning qualities as per a study done by NASA, removing trichloroethylene, benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia, and other chemicals from the air. In general, the plant is best fertilized once a month and watered two to three times a week depending on climate. In natural medicine the "flower" is used against eye inflammation and impure skin. It also applies as an air purifier. Contact with parts of plants may in some cases cause skin irritation and allergies (Schneebeli-Count,1995).
Bellis perennis (Author)
Description:
Bellis perennis is native to western, central and northern Europe, including remote islands such as the Faroe Islands but has become widely naturalised in most temperate regions, including the Americas and Australasia. Bellis perennis generally blooms from early to midsummer, although when grown under ideal conditions, it has a very long flowering season and will even produce a few flowers in the middle of mild winters (USDA Zones, 2012). Rarely more than 10cm tall, this grassland perennial has a basal rosette of spoon-shaped leaves and leafless stalks each topped by one individual (but composite) 'flower' comprising a central group of yellow disc florets surrounded by white ray florets (Parnell & Curtis, 2012) . It is may be used as a potherb. Young leaves can be eaten raw in salads or cooked, noting that the leaves become increasingly astringent with age. Flower buds and petals can be eaten raw in sandwiches, soups and salads. It is also used as a tea and as a vitamin supplement (Butwig, 1956) .
Gomphrena globosa (Author)
Description:
Gomphrena globosa, commonly known as globe amaranth, makhmali, and vadamalli, is an edible plant from the family Amaranthaceae. The round-shaped flower inflorescences are a visually dominant feature and cultivars have been propagated to exhibit shades of magenta, purple, red, orange, white, pink, and lilac. Within the flowerheads, the true flowers are small and inconspicuous (Jiang, Wang &Chen, 2011). Gomphrena globosa is native to Central America including regions Panama, and Guatemala, but is now grown globally. As a tropical annual plant, G. globosa blooms continuously throughout summer and early fall. It is very heat tolerant and fairly drought resistant, but grows best in full sun and regular moisture. The plant fixes carbon through the C4 pathway. At maturity, the flowerheads are approximately 4 cm long and the plant grows up to 24 inches in height(Herold, Lewis and Walker, 1976).This plant is popular in landscape design and cutting gardens for its vivid colors and color retention. The edible plant G. globosa has been used in herbal medicine (Mendes, 1986). In Trinidad, the flowers are boiled to make a tea which is used for baby gripe, oliguria, cough and diabetes (Bajaj, 1994)). Caribbean folk medicine historically used globe amaranth to relieve prostate and reproductive problems. The purple inflorescences have been used as a remedy for several respiratory inflammation conditions including bronchial asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and whooping cough. Recommended uses in traditional medicine range from the treatment of respiratory diseases, jaundice, urinary system conditions, and kidney problems (Silva, 2012)
Limonium perezii (Author)
Description:
Limonium perezii is a tough perennial herb growing from a woody rhizome. The thick leaves are oval to round in shape and up to about 30 centimeters (12 in) long including the petioles, located in a basal rosette about the stem. The inflorescence is a stiff, branching panicle 15 to 45 centimeters (5.9 to 17.7 in) tall, topped with bushy clusters of flowers. The small flower has lavender sepals and white petals (Missouri Botanical Garden, 2013). Limonium perezii is native to the Canary Islands, but widely cultivated as a garden plant (Gardening in South Africa, 2019).It is also used in rock gardens, containers and small planter spaces. When grown in the Inland Empire it does best with moderate amounts of supplemental water, protection from extreme sun exposure and protection from winter frost conditions (O’Brien, Betsy and Mackey, 2006).
Jatropa integerrima (Author)
Description:
Jatropha integerrima is a shrub to small tree native to Cuba. It is also listed as native to the Hispaniola by USDA-ARS (2020). It is used throughout its range as an ornamental, and can be found in North America, Central America, the Caribbean, Asia, Europe, Africa and Oceania. Some of the common names listed for the species suggest that it is used as an ornamental in countries where its occurrence has not been documented (Dehgan, 2012). Peregrina is an evergreen shrub or small tree, with glossy leaves and clusters of star shaped red, pink or vermilion flowers. The plant has a rounded or narrow domed form and grows up to 15 ft tall with a spread of about 10 ft. In cultivation, however. it is usually smaller (Velez, 2020). Jatropha integerrima is widely grown as an ornamental, even in its native country (Fuentes Fiallo et al., 2001 ). It is available for purchase in nurseries and online.
Zephyranthes drummondii D. Don
Zephyranthes drummondii are commonly called rain lilies since they often come into bloom after it rains. From the Amaryllidaceae family, they are native to the southeastern United States, Central America, and South America. Most are spring or summer flowering. Zephyranthes flowers are very similar to Habranthus flowers and both are called rain lilies. Habranthus flowers point upward but at an angle and have unequal stamens, and Zephyranthes flowers point straight up and have equal stamens. There are some diseases that are curable using rainly lily including relieve insomnia, headache, fever and improve liver function.
Ixora coccinea (Linn.)
Description:
Ixora coccinea is native to the Indian subcontinent including Sri Lanka (USDA-ARS, 2017) and tropical Southeast Asia (Floridata, 2017). This species has been introduced and cultivated throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the New World; it is widely cultivated in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand (Ysrael and Van Valkenburg, 1999); that is well watered yet has good drainage. I. coccinea is widely used in Ayurveda (traditional medicine) and traditional medicinal practices in Asia. Research has shown that both aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of I. coccinea exhibit potent anti-neutrophil activity(Wickramasinghe et al., 2014). In the Philippines, the flowers are used in the treatment of dysentery, leucorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea, haemoptysis and catarrhal bronchitis while part of the roots is used as a sedative in the treatment of nausea, hiccups and appetite loss (Ysrael and Van Valkenburg, 1999). In Thailand, the roots or flowers are used as anti-inflammatory and antidiarrhoeal drugs, as astringents, tranquilizers and appetite stimulants. The flowers are also used as a cholagogue and stimulant of digestive enzyme secretion. In India the roots are reported to possess sedative properties and are used against hiccups, fever, gonorrhoea, loss of appetite, diarrhoea and dysentery. A decoction of the flowers or the bark is employed as a lotion against eye troubles, sores and ulcers while the leaves are used to treat diarrhoea (Ysrael and Van Valkenburg, 1999).
Anthurium andraeanum (Linden ex Andre)
Description:
Anthurium is an evergreen perennial plant that can grown to a meter in height. Leaves are large, dark, glossy, oblong or heart-shaped, up to 30 centimeters in length. Each leaf is held on a 30 to 60 centimeter petiole. Flowers are slender, finger-like or tail like spadix above a shiny, waxy, crinkled, heart-shaped spathe, red to bright orange. Introduced in Ornamental cultivation, Grows well in the Baguio area and Popular pot or cut flower because of its longevity. Leaves and Roots: Study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of flowers, leaf, stem, and roots of A. andraeanum. The extracts sowed inhibitory activity against tested pathogens, with significant inhibition of gram negative bacterial strains of E. coli and K. pneumonia and fungal pathogen A. fumigatus. Flower extract showed superior zone of inhibition against A. fumigatus and E. coli.
Zinnia elegans (Jacq.)
Description:
Z. elegans is the most widely cultivated zinnia species and most important in terms of economic value. It is an herbaceous annual that is grown for its large, showy capitula and diversity of ray petal (ligule) colors and shapes (Beeks, 1954). Annual. Easily grown in humusy, evenly moist, well-drained soils in full sun. Sow seed directly in the ground after last frost date and, if desired, at 2-3 week intervals thereafter until the end of June to insure a good season-long bloom. Study evaluated the ability of two ornamental plants (marigold and zinnia) to uptake lead from contaminated soil. Zinnia elegans showed the greater potential for lead accumulation than marigold. Results suggest an environmentally friendly and cost effective alternative for protecting the contaminated soil from leaching lead.
Hibiscus rosa- sinensis (L.)
Description:
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a bushy, evergreen shrub or small tree growing 2.5–5 m (8–16 ft) tall and 1.5–3 m (5–10 ft) wide, with glossy leaves and solitary, brilliant red flowers in summer and autumn. The 5- petaled flowers are 10 cm (4 in) in diameter, with prominent orange-tipped red anthers. The root is a branched tap root. The stem is erect, green, cylindrical and branched. The leaf is simple, with alternate phyllotaxy and is petiolate. The leaf shape is ovate, the tip is acute and margin is serrated. Venation is unicostate reticulate. (Venation is branched or divergent.) Free lateral stipules are present. The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis can be found anywhere! It grows on its own in sub-tropic and tropic regions of the world, ranging from 30 degrees north latitude to 30 degrees south latitude. The Hibiscus rosa- sinensis is a common house plant in places such as Europe and the United States of America. The Hibiscus rosa- sinensis cannot live in regions that reach temperatures lower than 12 degrees Celsius or approximately 56 degrees Farhenheit. The Hibiscus rosa- sinensis grows in regions in the United States that are in the growing zones 9 through 11, which includes the regions of southern Texas, Florida, Hawaii, and southern California. Even though the plants will succeed in these regions, the plants may still be needed to be brought in as house plants or covered up for winter if there is a potential frost. This plant has various important medicinal uses for treating wounds, inflamation, fever and coughs, diabetes, infections caused by bacteria and fungi, hair loss, and gastric ulcers in several tropical countries.
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